Retinal Detachment
Emergency diagnosis and surgical management of retinal detachment - prompt intervention to preserve vision and prevent permanent loss.
Overview & Clinical Approach
A serious eye emergency where the retina separates from its underlying tissue, leading to vision loss.
The retina is a thin, light-sensitive layer lining the back of the eye. Light entering the eye is focused onto the retina, which then sends visual signals to the brain through the optic nerve.
When the retina becomes damaged or displaced from its normal position, these signals are disrupted and vision becomes blurred or lost. This condition is known as retinal detachment.
Retinal detachment occurs when the retina separates from the tissues that nourish it. If not treated promptly, it can result in permanent loss of vision. Therefore, retinal detachment is considered a medical emergency.
Common Symptoms
- Flashing lights: Brief flashes of light, especially in peripheral vision
- Floaters: Black spots, threads, cobwebs or moving specks in vision
- Vision loss: A shadow, curtain or dark area covering part of the vision
Primary Causes & Risk Factors
- Age above 40 years
- High myopia (severe nearsightedness)
- Previous retinal detachment in one eye
- Eye injuries (sports like boxing, bungee jumping, trauma)
- Family history of retinal detachment
- Previous cataract surgery
- Eye diseases such as retinoschisis, uveitis or lattice degeneration
Diagnostic Procedures
- Dilated pupil examination using eye drops to inspect the retina thoroughly
- Ocular ultrasonography to confirm diagnosis when detachment is suspected
Treatment Steps
Cryopexy
Freeze treatment used for retinal tears or holes to seal the tear and reattach the retina.
Scleral Buckling
A permanent synthetic band placed around the eye to gently push the eye wall against the detached retina.
Pneumatic Retinopexy
A gas bubble injected into the eye presses the retina back into place while laser or cryotherapy seals the tear.
Vitrectomy & LASER Photocoagulation
Removal of vitreous gel (replaced with gas or silicone oil) for large/complex detachments; LASER seals retinal tears to prevent progression.
Types of Retinal Detachment
- Rhegmatogenous: Caused by a tear or break in the retina
- Exudative (Secondary): Caused by fluid accumulation without a retinal tear
- Tractional: Caused by scar tissue pulling the retina away
Key Treatment Benefits
- Emergency retinal evaluation and prompt surgical intervention
- Advanced procedures including Cryopexy, Scleral Buckling, Pneumatic Retinopexy, and Vitrectomy
- Preservation of visual fields and prevention of permanent blindness
Consultation for Retinal Detachment
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