Menopause
Guidance and care for women transitioning through menopause - managing hormonal changes, symptoms and long-term health with comfort and support.
Overview & Clinical Approach
A natural transition marking the end of menstrual cycles, often accompanied by physical and emotional changes.
Maa Nursing Home and NetraJyoti Eyecare Centre has a dedicated Menopause Clinic that understands the unique needs of women going through this transition and supports them with personalised guidance and care.
Menopause is the stage when a woman permanently stops getting her periods. It is caused by a natural decline in reproductive hormones - mainly oestrogen and progesterone. If a woman has not had her period for 12 months, she is considered to be in menopause.
Most women experience symptoms after the age of 40. Menopause is not sudden - it progresses gradually over several years through perimenopause, menopause, and post-menopause.
Declining oestrogen levels can also contribute to several long-term health complications if left unmanaged.
Symptom duration varies greatly - on average, perimenopause symptoms last about four years, and post-menopause symptoms fade gradually over time.
Common Symptoms
- Irregular periods and hot flashes/night sweats
- Vaginal dryness and pain during intercourse
- Fatigue, disturbed sleep, and mood swings/irritability
- Dry skin, dry eyes, dry mouth, and hair thinning
- Urinary incontinence or urgency
- Bone loss (osteoporosis risk) and weight gain
- Sore breasts and heart palpitations
- Headaches, joint pain and muscle pain
- Low sex drive
- Depression, anxiety or crankiness
Primary Causes & Risk Factors
- Natural age-related decline in ovarian estrogen and progesterone production
- Premature ovarian failure (ovaries stopping before age 40)
- Surgical removal of ovaries (hysterectomy with oophorectomy)
- Chemotherapy or radiation therapy damaging ovarian tissue
Diagnostic Procedures
- Detailed symptom tracking and menstrual pattern evaluation
- Blood tests to check hormone levels (FSH, LH, oestrogen)
- Bone Mineral Density (DEXA scan) screening for post-menopausal bone health
- Thyroid tests if needed
Treatment Steps
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
Customized estrogen-progesterone therapy to manage severe hot flashes and systemic symptoms.
Topical Vaginal Estrogen
Local estrogen creams/tablets for vaginal atrophy, dryness, and urinary comfort.
Non-Hormonal Medicines
Non-hormonal medicines to manage hot flashes for women who cannot or prefer not to use hormone therapy.
Osteoporosis Prevention & Lifestyle Care
Calcium, Vitamin D3, bone-sparing medications, and weight-bearing exercise routines.
Possible Complications of Menopause
- Bone loss and osteoporosis
- Higher risk of heart disease
- Urinary problems and bladder control issues
- Increased risk of Alzheimer's disease
- Loss of muscle mass
- Wrinkles and skin thinning
- Poor vision, including increased risk of cataract and macular degeneration
Stages of Menopause
- Perimenopause: Hormone levels begin to decline, periods become irregular, and early symptoms start.
- Menopause: The woman has had no periods for 12 months; ovaries stop releasing eggs.
- Post-menopause: Symptoms gradually reduce, but long-term health risks such as bone loss increase.
Lifestyle Tips for Menopause
- Regular exercise - walking, cycling, stretching, weight training
- Yoga and meditation
- Drink cold water and rest during hot flashes
- Use vaginal moisturizers or lubricants
- Strengthen pelvic floor muscles with Kegel exercises
- Stay mentally and socially active
- Avoid smoking and reduce alcohol intake
- Maintain a healthy body weight
- Manage diabetes
- Regular health check-ups
Key Treatment Benefits
- Dedicated Menopause Clinic care by senior gynaecologist Dr. Jyoti Shah
- Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) and non-hormonal management options
- Comprehensive screening for post-menopausal bone loss and heart health
Consultation for Menopause
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